1. Legal Land Survey and Title Documents

The most accurate way to determine property boundaries is through a certified land survey. This includes:

• Official measurements and demarcations recorded in the land title or deed
  
• Boundary coordinates, dimensions, and angles based on government records
  
• Surveyor markings that legally define the extent of ownership
  

These documents are typically issued by licensed surveyors and registered with local land or municipal authorities.

2. Government Cadastral and Zoning Maps

Local municipalities and planning departments maintain cadastral maps and zoning records that show:

• Parcel outlines and boundary lines in relation to surrounding plots
  
• Property identification numbers (PINs) and legal descriptions
  
• Overlays for zoning, utility easements, and land use classification
  

These maps are useful for cross-verifying boundaries, especially when planning construction or resolving disputes.

3. Physical Markers and On-Site Indicators

On-site, property boundaries may be marked with visible indicators, including:

• Fencing, walls, or boundary stones placed at corners
  
• Survey pins or stakes inserted into the ground during official measurements
  
• Utility markers indicating setback lines or easements
  

However, physical markers should always be backed by a legal survey to ensure accuracy and avoid encroachment issues.