1. Soil Type and Texture Classification

Soil composition refers to the proportion of sand, silt, clay, and organic matter in the land. Common classifications include:

• Sandy soils – fast-draining but low in nutrients
  
• Clay soils – nutrient-rich but retain water and may expand
  
• Loamy soils – well-balanced and ideal for construction and agriculture
  

Understanding the texture helps determine the soil’s strength, stability, and suitability for structural foundations or landscaping.

2. Load-Bearing Capacity and Engineering Suitability

For commercial or industrial development, it’s essential to evaluate the load-bearing strength and geotechnical characteristics of the soil. Factors include:

• Compaction levels and resistance to shifting or settling
  
• Soil depth and rock layer presence
  
• Ability to support foundations, basements, or heavy structures
  

A soil test report from a geotechnical engineer provides detailed analysis critical for site planning and construction safety.

3. Moisture Retention and Drainage Behavior

The soil’s moisture-handling capacity plays a major role in managing water flow and preventing issues like erosion or waterlogging. Consider:

• Permeability – how quickly water passes through the soil
  
• Water table level and flood potential
  
• Suitability for stormwater management and septic systems
  

Good drainage reduces the risk of foundation damage and supports long-term land usability.