1. Zoning and Land Use Regulations

Zoning laws are fundamental tools for urban planning, delineating areas for specific uses such as residential, commercial, industrial, or agricultural purposes. These regulations are established by local development authorities and are detailed in master plans to guide orderly growth. For instance, in Chennai, the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) oversees zoning regulations to manage land use effectively. Changes in land use typically require formal approval, ensuring that developments align with the designated purpose of each zone. ​

2. Environmental and Ecological Constraints

Environmental laws impose restrictions to protect ecologically sensitive areas. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, for example, prohibits the use of forest land for non-forest purposes without prior approval from the central government. Similarly, the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) norms restrict construction activities near coastal areas to preserve marine ecosystems. These regulations are crucial for maintaining biodiversity and preventing environmental degradation. 

3. Land Acquisition and Public Purpose Limitations

The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, governs the acquisition of land for public purposes. This act mandates a transparent process, including social impact assessments and consent from affected parties, especially in Scheduled Areas inhabited by tribal communities. It also sets limits on acquiring multi-crop irrigated land, emphasizing the need to balance development with food security and the rights of indigenous populations.