1. Legal and Zoning Restrictions

Local zoning laws dictate permissible land uses. If a property is zoned for agricultural or conservation purposes, residential or commercial construction may be prohibited. Additionally, deed restrictions or covenants can impose limitations on building activities. Properties lacking legal access to public roads or utilities may also face building restrictions. ​

2. Environmental Constraints

Environmental factors can render land unbuildable. This includes areas designated as wetlands, floodplains, or habitats for protected species. Such lands are often subject to strict regulations to preserve ecological balance, limiting or forbidding development. ​

3. Physical and Infrastructure Limitations

The physical characteristics of the land, such as steep slopes, unstable soil, or high water tables, can impede construction. Moreover, the absence of essential infrastructure—like water supply, sewage systems, or electricity—can make development economically unfeasible. ​